Monitoring climate variability over the past 116 years in coral oxygen isotopes from Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia     

H. Kuhnert  J. Pätzold  K. -H. Wyrwoll  G. Wefer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2000,88(4):725-732

 116-year record of coral skeletal δ¹⁸O is presented from a colony of Porites lutea from Ningaloo Reef, western Australia. Interannual variability of sea-surface temperatures (SST) inferred from skeletal δ¹⁸O is dominated by a 9.5-year period, and may constitute a characteristic signal of the Leeuwin Current. On long-terms coral skeletal δ¹⁸O indicates a near-continuous increase of SST at Ningaloo Reef over one century. The skeletal δ¹⁸O time series was checked for the presence of seasonal cooling events resulting from major volcanic eruptions. An ∼1  °C cooling is evident following the eruption of Pinatubo in 1991, which reproduces the results of previous investigations. However, only weak or no signals can be related to the eruptions of Krakatau (1883) and Agung (1963). Received: 9 November 1998 / Accepted: 12 April 1999  相似文献   

中国-朝鲜长白山区新生代火山事件的划分及对比     

靳克  彭玉鲸  王彦生  许文良 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2000,30(2):125-130

中朝长白山地区新生代火山堪称东北亚之冠 ,为进一步认识火山时、空、物的演化发展势态 ,对活动的稳定性作出科学评估 ,综合分析了 6 0年代以来 ,特别是近期中、朝地质学家的成果 ,从火山事件地层学理论出发 ,对该区提出划分 31次火山事件的新方案  相似文献   

甘肃北山西部新元古代陆块汇聚与裂解事件的岩石记录     

于海峰  陆松年  修群业  李铨 《华北地质》2000,(2)

甘肃北山西部地处塔里木、柴达木和华北 (阿拉善 )三个前寒武纪地块的交汇部位 ,是受显生宙天山造山带、祁连造山带和阿尔金造山带多次叠加改造的地区。近几年 ,随着新元古代榴辉岩、花岗岩的新发现 ,结合新元古代伟晶岩脉群、辉绿岩墙群和震旦纪未变质沉积盖层 ,初步确定了该地区新元古代陆块汇聚与裂解的地质事件框架。在新元古代早期 ,塔里木地块与柴达木地块可能发生斜向汇聚 ,并以深层次韧性剪切带进行焊接 ,其时间在 913Ma左右。稍后 ,在塔里木地块北部的柳园一带 ,塔里木地块与另一个地块发生碰撞 ,形成了榴辉岩和大面积带状分布的花岗岩 ,其时间在 86 0～ 880Ma左右。之后 ,在经过汇聚的大陆块内部发生裂解 ,形成了两期辉绿岩墙群。随着裂解作用的进一步加强 ,该地区进入到陆相砂砾岩和海相碳酸盐沉积阶段 ,形成了安南坝群沉积建造 ,其时间在 70 0Ma左右。  相似文献   

东特提斯二叠—三叠纪事件概述     

Swee.  WC 杨遵仪等 《现代地质》1992,6(4):373-383

本文译自《东特提斯二叠—三叠纪(P/T)事件》(英文本)第一章,包括六方面内容:(1)生物地层学,利用腕足类、菊石类、牙形石和植物,建立P/T界线间隔的生物地层表;(2)地球化学研究,讨论目前可用资料,绘出P/T界线间隔的δ~(13)C和δ~(16)O剖面;(3)古地磁研究,借以决定同一界线间隔的划分;(4)火山作用,大多数作者用火山成因解释P/T界线间隔;(5)生物更替原因,包括主要的海侵,广泛的火山作用和火流星的溅射;(6)多方面证据说明P/T界线最好划在Changxingensis带和Isarcica带之间。  相似文献   

Mining-induced microseismic event location errors: Accuracy and precision of two location systems     

P. L. Swanson  L. H. Estey  F. M. Boler  S. Billington 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1992,139(3-4):375-404

The accuracy and precision of microseismic event locations were measured, analyzed, and compared for two types of location systems: anolog and digital. In the first system, relative times of first arrival were estimated from analog signals using automated hardware circuitry; station positions were estimated from mine map coordinates; and event locations were determined using the BLD (Blake, Leighton, and Duvall) direct solution method. In the second system, arrival times were manually measured during interactive displays of digital waveforms; station coordinates were surveyed; and the SW-GBM (Salamon and Wiebols; Godson, Bridges, and McKavanagh) direct basis function was used to solve for locations. Both systems assume constant isotropic seismic velocity of slightly different signals data sets, calibration blast signals with known source site and origin time, and microseismic event signals, were recorded by each location system employing the same array of high-frequency (5 kHz) accelerometers with 150 m maximum dimension. The calibration blast tests indicated a location precision of ±2 m and accuracy of ±10 m for the analog system. Location precision and accuracy for the digital system measured ±1 m and ±8 m, respectively. Numerical experiments were used to assess the contributions of errors in velocity, arrival times, and station positions on the location accuracy and precision for each system. Measured and estimated errors appropriate to each system for microseismic events were simulated in computing source locations for comparison with exact synthetic event locations. Discrepancy vectors between exact locations and locations calculated with known data errors averaged 7.7 and 1.4 m for the analog and digital systems, respectively. These averages are probably more representative of the location precision of microseismic events, since the calibration blast tests produce impulsive seismic arrivals resulting in smaller arrival-time pick errors in the analog system. For both systems, location accuracy is limited by inadequate modeling of the velocity structure. Consequently, when isotropic velocity models are used in the travel-time inversions, the increased effort expended with the digital location system does not, for the particular systems studied, result in increased accuracy.  相似文献   

吉南夹皮沟金矿带鞍山群的解体及主要地质事件序列的建立     

孙晓明  徐克勤 《地层学杂志》1995,19(3):229-236

位于华北地台最北缘的夹皮沟金矿带太古代鞍山群主要由两类双峰式灰色片麻岩组成,其原岩均为ＴＴＧ类古侵入体夹拉斑玄武岩质暗色包体,岩石化学上与国外许多太古代高变地体中的灰色片麻岩相似,因而不能作为地层来对待。原“鞍山群”可重新划分为白山镇片麻岩、夹皮沟片麻岩和北西向糜棱岩带三大岩石单元,两类灰色片麻岩之间有一些相似处,但也有许多重要差别,可能代表了不同的构造地体。就现有同位素年代数据和野外产状建立了本区主要地质事件的序列。上述岩石单元的划分及主要地质事件序列的建立对本区构造属性的确定及地壳演化的研究有重要的意义。  相似文献   

浅析历史特大洪水在设计洪水中的作用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

费永法 《水文》1998,(6):6-10

运用统计分析方法,研究了实测系列中加入４种不同情况的历史洪水对设计洪水的影响。结果表明：加入的历史洪水重现期越长,则设计洪水成果的稳定性越好;在同一历史洪水考证期内,加入１－２个历史洪水对提高设计洪水成果的稳定性和精订作用很明显。  相似文献   

地震共中心点道集的滑动基准面静校正和动校正叠加理论模型计算和分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

刘江平  钱绍瑚  张素新 《物探与化探》1998,22(1):27-33

本文通过对两个典型地形起伏的四个水平界面理论地质模型的计算和分析,进一步阐明了在复杂地形条件下用常规水平基准面静、动校正方法进行反射波法多次覆盖,不仅达不到较为理想的多次覆盖的目的,反而使之同相轴发生畸变并产生假的同相轴特征的主要原因及该方法所存在的问题;证明了滑动基准面静、动校正叠加方法在复杂地形地区从事地震反射波法多次覆盖技术勘探的有效性、实用性和可操作性。  相似文献   

前寒武纪的超大陆旋回及其板块构造演化意义   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

李江海 《地学前缘》1998,(Z1)

太古代末早古生代存在４次超大陆或大陆聚合时期,超大陆的聚合与裂解造成全球性的重大构造热事件,成为全球板块构造演化的主线,威尔逊旋回在早前寒武纪已明显起作用。超大陆的聚合表现为克拉通的增生与陆块的碰撞造山作用;超大型的裂解表现为非造山岩浆活动、大规模基性岩墙群侵位及大陆裂谷的爆发等。超大陆的裂解可能与地幔柱上涌或超大陆下放射性物质积聚造成的热能积累有关,或地外物质冲击的触发有关。华北克拉通与世界古陆块的前寒武纪构造演化对比,及其在超大陆中的拼合模式成为我国大陆地质学研究面临的挑战性重大科学问题。  相似文献   

Multiple-occurrence regional landslide events in New Zealand: Hazard management issues   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

M. J. Crozier 《Landslides》2005,2(4):247-256

Landsliding in New Zealand most commonly occurs in the form of multiple-occurrence landslide events, simultaneously involving thousands to ten thousands of landslides over areas extending up to 20,000 km². The scale of these events, together with their multiple-hazard character, provide a unique set of management issues that stretch the capabilities of available emergency management services. Several measures for characterising the magnitude and impact potential of these events are presented and compared. While the median density of landsliding is approximately 30 landslides/km², over 100 landslides/km² have been recorded in some events. Specific soil displacement volumes vary widely between events—New Zealand events yield a median value of approximately 140 m³/ha. Measured Ratios of runout length to scar length are commonly about 3:1. However, comparison between events is constrained by lack of standardisation in methods of measurement and recording. Agricultural production loss, damage to road and rail infrastructure and increased flooding are the main consequences of these events. Treatment options involve loss sharing, resource management legislation, and various forms of bio-engineering.  相似文献